![]() Its mechanism can be due to triggered activity or increased automaticity of atrial cells. As such, atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation often coexist.Ītrial tachycardia is typically characterised by atrial rates >100 bpm but less than 240 bpm with discrete activation sequences and non-sinus P waves including a baseline isoelectric period between these waves on ECG. If the tachycardia persists for a prolonged period, it frequently can degenerate into atrial fibrillation, particularly if the patient already has structural heart disease. It is generally paroxysmal in nature in a structurally healthy heart. The atrial rate in atrial flutter is approximately 240–360 beats per minute (bpm) with no distinct isoelectric period between the flutter ‘F’ waves. ![]() Atrial flutter has been traditionally defined as a macro-reentrant arrhythmia around a macroscopic (more than 2 cm in area) anatomical barrier that is confined within the atria. Although they are supraventricular in origin, apart from atrial tachycardia, they are not generally included in the nomenclature of supraventricular tachycardia. The more frequent clinically encountered atrial tachyarrhythmias include atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. Atrial arrhythmias are significant contributors for cardiac co-morbidity especially for stroke, heart failure and recurrent hospitalisations.
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